Introduction
Spring steel refers to special alloy steel for manufacturing various springs and other elastic elements. According to the performance requirements, the use conditions can be divided into ordinary alloy spring steel and special alloy spring steel. Spring steels have excellent comprehensive properties, metallurgical quality (high purity and uniformity), surface quality (strict control of surface defects and decarburization) and precise shape and size.
Classification
Ingredient
1. Carbon spring steel is a kind of high quality carbon structural steel with a carbon content in range of 0.60～0.90%, according to different manganese content, it’s divided into two types, general manganese content of 0.50%～0.90% and higher manganese content of 0.90%1.20%.
2. Alloy spring steel is based on carbon steel, by adding appropriate one or several alloy elements to improve the mechanical properties, hardenability and other properties of steel, so as to meet the requirements of manufacturing spring steels with various properties.
The basic composition series of alloy spring steel include silicon-manganese spring steel, silicon-chromium spring steel, chromium-manganese spring steel, chromium-vanadium spring steel, tungsten-chromium-vanadium spring steel, etc. On the basis of these series, some types of spring steels have added alloy elements such as molybdenum, vanadium or boron in order to improve some aspects of their properties.
3. Other steels such as high-quality carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel, high-speed tool steel and stainless steel, some of their grades will be selected as spring steel for using.
Production methods
1. Hot rolled (forged) steel includes hot rolled round steel, square steel, flat steel, steel sheet, as well as forged round steel and square steel.
2. Cold drown (rolled) steel includes steel wire, steel material, cold drown steel (cold drown round steel).
Properties
Springs are used under impact, vibration or long-term cross stress, so the spring steel is required to have high brust strength, elastic limit and fatigue strength. In terms of craft, the spring steel has certain requirement of hardenability, not easy to decarburize, good surface quality, etc.
In recent years, our company has developed new steel types based on silicon-manganese steel with boron, niobium, molybdenum and other elements added to improve spring quality and extend service life.
ASTM No | NAME | Chemical composition% | |||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Others | ||
| A227M (2006) | Spring steel wire for cold winding machinery | 0.45～0.85 | 0.30～1.30 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.050 | 0.15～0.35 | |
| A228 (2007) | Spring steel wire for piano | 0.70～1.00 | 0.20～0.70 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.030 | 0.10～0.30 | |
| A229 (2005) | Oil quenched and tempered spring wire for machinery | 0.55～0.85 | 0.30～1.20 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.050 | 0.15～0.35 | |
| A230 (2005) | Oil quenched and tempered spring wire for carbon valve | 0.60～0.75 | 0.60～0.90 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.030 | 0.15～0.35 | |
| A231 (2004) | Cr-V spring alloy steel wire | 0.48～0.53 | 0.70～0.90 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.040 | 0.15～0.35 | Cr0.80～1.10 V≥0.15 |
| A232 (2005) | Cr-V high quality valve spring steel wire | 0.48～0.53 | 0.70～0.90 | ≤0.020 | ≤0.035 | 0.15～0.35 | Cr0.80～1.10 V≥0.15 |
| A401 (2010) | Cr-Si alloy spring steel wire | 0.51～0.59 | 0.60～0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.040 | 1.20～1.60 | Cr0.60～0.80 |
| A407 (2007) | Spring cold drown steel wire for sofa | 0.45～0.70 | 0.60～1.20 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.050 | ||
| A417 (2004) | Cold drown spring steel wire （sawtooth,rectangular,wave） | 0.50～0.75 | 0.60～1.20 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.050 | ||
| A679 (2006) | Cold drown steel wire for high tensile strength mechanical spring | 0.65～1.00 | 0.20～1.30 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.050 | 0.15～0.35 | |
| A764 (2007) | Cold drown galvanized carbon spring steel wire | 0.45～0.85 | 0.30～1.30 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.050 | 0.10～0.35 | |
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Jessica Hu
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