Quality carbon structural steels

- Nov 24, 2021-

Quality carbon structural steels have a large output and a wide range of uses. Generally, it’s rolled (forged) into the shapes of round, square, flat and other section steels, sheet materials and seamless steel tubes. This kind of material is mainly used in the manufacture of general structure and mechanical structure parts, as well as building structure parts and pipelines for conveying fuels. According to the requirements of use, sometimes it needs to be used after heat treatment (normalizing/quenching and tempering).

In addition, the sulfur and phosphorus contents of quality carbon structural steels is less than 0.035%, most of them are used to manufacture more important parts. In engineering, it’s generally used to produce steel wires for prestressed concrete, steel strands, anchors, high-strength bolts, steel casting in important structures, etc.

According to AISI, the types of quality carbon structural steel are represented by four digits. Types such as 1008, 1010, 1015, 1020, 1025 are low-carbon steels, which have good plasticity, which have good plasticity and are easy to stretch, stamp, extrude, forge and weld. Among them, 1020 steel is the most widely used. It is usually used to manufacture screws, screw nuts, grommet, small shafts, as well as stamping parts, welding parts, and sometimes carburizing parts.

Types such as 1030, 1035, 1040, 1045, 1049, 1050, 1055 are medium carbon steels. As the content of pearlite in the steel increases, its strength and hardness also increase, the hardness after quenching can increase significantly.

1045 steel is the most typical, which not only has high strength and hardness, but also better plasticity, toughness and excellent comprehensive properties. 1045 steels are the most widely used in mechanical structures. It’s usually used to produce shafts, ball screws, gears, connecting rods, sleeves, keys, important screws and screw nuts, etc.

Types such as 1060, 1064, 1065, 1069, 1070, 1074, 1075 belong to high carbon steels. After quenching and tempering, not only the strength and hardness are improved, but also have excellent elasticity. And they’re often used to make small springs, clockworks, steel ropes, rolls, etc.

Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel
			Chemical Composition					Mechanical Properties
SAE	AISI	UNS Digital System	C	Si	Mn	P,≤	S, ≤	ASTM Standard Number	SIZE /mm	State	T.S. /Mpa	Y.S. /Mpa	EL/% (L₀=50mm)	Hardness HBS
1010	1010	G10100	0.08～0.13	a	0.30～0.60	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30 Φ20～30	Hot rolling Cold stretching	≥324 ≥365	≥179 ≥303	≥28 ≥20	≥95 ≥105
1015	1015	G10150	0.13～0.18	a,b,c,d,e	0.30～0.60	0.040	0.050	-	Φ25.4 Φ25.4 Φ25.4	Hot rolling Normalizing,927℃(1700℉) Annealing,871℃(1600℉)	418 424 386	314 324 285	39.0 37.0 37.0	126 121 111
1018	1018	G10180	0.15～0.20	a,b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	A311-2004 (R2010) Bar	20 ＞20～30 ＞30～50 ≥50～75	Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching	≥485 ≥450 ≥415 ≥380	≥415 ≥380 ≥345 ≥310	≥18 ≥16 ≥15 ≥15
1020	1020	G10200	0.18～0.23	a,b,c,d,e	0.30～0.60	0.040	0.050	-	Φ25.4 Φ25.4 Φ25.4 Φ25.4 Φ25.4 Φ25.4	Hot rolling Annealing,871℃(1600℉) Normalizing,871℃(1600℉) Cold rolling WQ+T(649℃,1200℉) WQ+T(204℃,400℉)	448 393 441 517 552 724	331 296 345 441 324 552	36 36 36 20 29 11	113 111 131 89/(Rb) 150 218
1020	1020	G10200	0.18～0.23	a,b,c,d,e	0.30～0.60	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30	Cold stretching	476	400	≥15	≥137
									Φ25.4	Hot rolling Normalizing,927℃(1700℉) Annealing,843℃(1550℉)	503 483 450	359 359 317	35 34 35	149 143 137
										774℃,(1425℉)Oil quenching 802℃,(1475℉)Oil quenching 830℃,(1525℉)Oil quenching Fake carburizing oil quenching	562 555 572 586	355 355 359 424	31.0 31.5 31.0 29.5	163 163 174 179
									Φ13.7	774℃,(1425℉)Oil quenching 802℃,(1475℉)Oil quenching 830℃,(1525℉)Oil quenching Fake carburizing oil quenching	552 558 565 572	379 355 400 413	30.0 30.0 29.5 30.0	170 170 179 179
1025	1025	G10250	0.22～0.28	a,b,c,d,e	0.30～0.60	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30 Φ20～30 ≤22.2 ＞22.2～32 ＞32～51 ＞51～76	Hot rolling Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching	≥400 ≥441 ≥448 ≥413 ≥379 ≥345	≥221 ≥372 ≥310 ≥310 ≥310 ≥276	≥25 ≥15 ≥20 ≥20 ≥16 ≥15	≥116 ≥125 ≥13 ≥121 ≥111 ≥101
1025	1025	G10250	0.22～0.28	a,b,c,d,e	0.30～0.60	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30 Φ20～30 ≤22.2 ＞22.2～32 ＞32～51 ＞51～76		≥400 ≥441 ≥448 ≥413 ≥379 ≥345	≥221 ≥372 ≥310 ≥310 ≥310 ≥276	≥25 ≥15 ≥20 ≥20 ≥16 ≥15	≥116 ≥125 ≥13 ≥121 ≥111 ≥101
1030	1030	G10300	0.25～0.34	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ25.4	Hot rolling Normalizing,927℃(1700℉) Annealing,843℃(1550℉) WQ+204℃(400℉) WQ+315℃(600℉) WQ+427℃(800℉) WQ+538℃(1000℉) WQ+650℃(1200℉)	552 521 464 848 800 731 669 586	345 345 341 648 621 579 517 441	32.0 32.0 31.2 17 19 23 28 32	179 149 126 495 401 302 255 207
1035	1035	G10350	0.32～0.38	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	A311(Class A)	20 ＞20～30 ＞30～50 ＞50～75	Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching	≥590 ≥550 ≥520 ≥485	≥2520 ≥485 ≥450 ≥415	≥13 ≥12 ≥12 ≥10	- - - -
1038	1038	G10380	0.35～0.42	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30 Φ20～30 Φ20～30 Φ20～30	Hot rolling Cold stretching Hot rolling Cold stretching	≥517 ≥572 ≥517 ≥572	≥283 ≥483 ≥283 ≥483	≥18 ≥12 ≥18 ≥12	≥149 ≥163 ≥149 ≥163
1040	1040	G10400	0.37～0.44	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30 15.9～22.2 ＞22.0～32 ≥32～51 ≥51～76 Φ25.4 Φ25.4 Φ25.4 Φ25.4	Hot rolling Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching Hot rolling Normalizing,899℃(1650℉) Annealing,788℃(1450℉) WQ+204℃(400℉) WQ+315℃(600℉) WQ+427℃(800℉) WQ+538℃(1000℉) WQ+650℃(1200℉) OQ+204℃(400℉) OQ+315℃(600℉) OQ+427℃(800℉) OQ+538℃(1000℉) OQ+650℃(1200℉)	≥524 ≥621 ≥586 ≥551 ≥517 621 590 519 896 889 841 779 669 779 779 758 717 634	≥290 ≥551 ≥517 ≥483 ≥448 414 374 354 662 648 634 593 496 593 593 551 490 434	≥18 ≥12 ≥12 ≥10 ≥10 25.0 28.0 30.2 16 18 21 23 28 19 20 21 26 29	≥149 ≥179 ≥170 ≥163 ≥149 201 170 149 514 444 352 269 201 262 255 241 212 192
1040	1040	G10400	0.37～0.44	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-
1045	1045	G10450	0.43～0.50	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	- A311(Class A)	20 ＞20～30 ＞30～50 ＞50～75	Hot rolling Annealing+Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching	≥655 ≥620 ≥585 ≥550	≥585 ≥550 ≥520 ≥485	≥12 ≥11 ≥10 ≥10	- - - -
1045	1045	G10450	0.43～0.50	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050		＞51～76	Cold stretching	552	483	≥10	≥163
1045H	1045H	G10450	0.42～0.51	f	0.50～1.00	0.040	0.050	A311(Class B) -	20 ＞20～30 ＞30～50 ＞50～75 ＞75～102 Φ25.4	Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching WQ WQ+T(100℃) WQ+T(200℃) WQ+T(300℃) WQ+T(400℃) WQ+T(500℃) WQ+T(600℃)	≥795 ≥795 ≥795 ≥795 ≥795 - - - - - - -	690 690 690 690 620 - - - - - - -	≥10 ≥10 ≥10 ≥9 ≥7 - - - - - - -	- - - - - 610 600 515 450 385 325 240
1050	1050	G10500	0.48～0.55	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	A311(Class A)	20 ＞20～30 ＞30～50 ＞50～75	Cold stretching Cold stretching Cold stretching	≥690 ≥655 ≥620 ≥585	≥620 ≥585 ≥550 ≥520	≥11 ≥11 ≥10 ≥10	- - -
1050	1050	G10500	0.48～0.55	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	A311(Class B)	20	Cold stretching	≥795	≥690	≥8	≥170
1065	1065	G10650	0.60～0.70	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Same as above	Annealing(788℃,1450℉)	636	365	237	187
1050	1050	G10500	0.48～0.55	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ25.4	OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉) WQ+T(204℃,400℉) WQ+T(316℃,600℉) WQ+T(427℃,800℉) WQ+T(538℃,1000℉) WQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	979 938 876 738 1124 1089 1000 862 717	724 655 579 469 807 793 758 655 538	14 20 23 29 9 13 19 23 28	321 277 262 223 514 444 375 293 235
1055	1055	G10550	0.50～0.60	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30 Φ20～30	Hot rolling Annealing+Cold stretching	648 ≥662	≥352 ≥558	≥12 ≥10	≥192 ≥197
1060	1060	G10600	0.55～0.65	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30	Spheroidizing annealing+Cold stretching	≥621	≥483	≥10	≥183
1060	1060	G10600	0.55～0.65	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30 Φ20～30 Φ25.4	Hot rolling Cold stretching Hot rolling Normalizing(899℃,1650℉) Annealing(788℃,1450℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	≥676 ≥621 814 776 626 1103 1103 1076 965 800	≥372 ≥483 483 421 372 779 779 765 669 524	≥12 ≥10 17.0 18.0 22.5 13 13 14 17 23	≥201 ≥183 241 229 79 321 321 311 277 229
1065	1065	G10650	0.60～0.70	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30	Hot rolling Spheroidizing annealing+Cold stretching	≥690 ≥634	379 ≥490	≥12 ≥10	≥207 ≥187
1080	1080	G10800	0.75～0.88	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30	Hot rolling Spheroidizing annealing+Cold stretching	≥772 ≥676	≥421 ≥517	≥10 ≥10	≥229 ≥192
1080	1080	G10800	0.75～0.88	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ25.4	Hot rolling Normalizing(899℃,1650℉) Annealing(788℃,1450℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	965 1010 616 1489 1462 1372 1138 841	586 524 376 1048 1034 958 758 586	12.0 11.0 24.7 10 11 13 15 20	293 293 174 601 534 588 293 235
1085	1085	G10850	0.80～0.93	b,c,d,e	0.70～1.00	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30	Hot rolling Spheroidizing annealing+Cold stretching	≥834 ≥690	≥455 ≥538	≥10 ≥10	≥248 ≥192
1090	1090	G10900	0.85～0.98	b,c,d,e	0.60～0.90	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30	Hot rolling Spheroidizing annealing+Cold stretching	≥841 ≥696	≥462 ≥538	≥10 ≥10	≥248 ≥197
1095	1095	G10950	0.90～1.03	b,c,d,e	0.30～0.50	0.040	0.050	-	Φ20～30 Φ25.4	Hot rolling Spheroidizing annealing+Cold stretching Hot rolling Normalizing(899℃,1650℉) Annealing(788℃,1450℉)	≥827 ≥683 965 1014 657	≥455 ≥524 572 500 379	≥10 ≥10 9.0 9.5 13.0	≥248 ≥197 293 293 192
1095	1095	G10950	0.90～1.03	b,c,d,e	0.30～0.50	0.040	0.050	-	Φ25.4	WQ+T(204℃,400℉) WQ+T(316℃,600℉) WQ+T(427℃,800℉) WQ+T(538℃,1000℉) WQ+T(649℃,1200℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	1489 1462 1372 1138 841 1289 1262 1214 1089 896	1048 1034 958 758 586 827 814 772 676 552	10 11 13 15 20 10 10 12 15 21	601 534 388 293 235 401 375 363 321 269

Note: a≤0.10%, b＝0.10%～0.20%, c＝0.15%～0.30%, d＝0.20%～0.40%, e＝0.30%～0.60%

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