Alloy steel (part 2)

- Dec 07, 2021-

Function

Chromium (Cr)

In structural steel and tool steel, chromium can significantly increase strength, hardness and wear resistance, but at the same time reduce plasticity and toughness. Chromium can improve the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of steel, so it is an important alloy element of stainless steel and heat-resistant steel.

Nickel (Ni)

Nickel can increase the strength of steel, while maintaining good plasticity and toughness. Nickel has high corrosion resistance to acids and alkalis, and has rust and heat resistance at high temperatures. However, as nickel is a relatively scarce resource, other alloying elements should be used as much as possible to substitute nickel-chromium steel.

Molybdenum (Mo)

Molybdenum can refine the grain of steel, improve hardenability and thermal strength, and maintain sufficient strength and creep resistance at high temperature (long-term stress and deformation at high temperatures are called creep). The addition of molybdenum to structural steel can improve mechanical properties. It can also suppress the brittleness of alloy steel due to quenching. As well as it can improve redness of tool steel.

Titanium (Ti)

Titanium is a strong deoxidizer in steel, it can make the internal structure of steel compact and refine grain strength. Reducing aging sensitivity and cold brittleness and improving welding performance. Adding appropriate titanium to the chromium 18 nickel 9 austenitic stainless steel can avoid intergranular corrosion.

Vanadium (V)

Vanadium is an excellent deoxidizer for steel. Adding 0.5% vanadium to the steel can refine the structure grains and improve the strength and toughness. The carbide formed by vanadium and carbon can improve the resistance to hydrogen corrosion under high temperature and high pressure.

Tungsten (W)

Tungsten has a high melting point and large specificity, and is an expensive alloying element. Tungsten carbide formed by tungsten and carbon has high hardness and wear resistance. Adding tungsten to tool steel can significantly improve the red hardness and thermal strength, which can be used as cutting tools and forging dies.

Alloy Steel Chemical Composition								Mechanical Properties
SAE	AISI	UNS Digital System	C	Si	Mn	P,≤	S, ≤	ASTM Standard Number	SIZE /mm	State	T.S. /Mpa	Y.S. /Mpa	EL/% (L₀=50mm)	Hardness HBS
50B46H	50B46H	H50461	0.43～0.50	0.15～0.35	0.65～1.10	0.035	0.040
50B50	50B50	G50501	0.48～0.53	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040
50B50H	50B50H	H50501	0.47～0.54	0.15～0.35	0.65～1.10	0.035	0.040
50B60	50B60	G50601	0.56～0.64	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	- 1882 1510 1124 896	- 1772 1386 1000 779	- 8 11 15 19	600 525 435 350 290
50B60H	50B60H	H50601	0.55～0.65	0.15～0.35	0.65～1.10	0.035	0.040
5060	-	G50600	0.56～0.64	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040
5115	-	G51150	0.13～0.18	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040
5117	5117	G51170	0.15～0.20	0.20～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.040	0.040
5120	5120	G51200	0.17～0.22	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4 Φ13.8	OQ(774℃,1425℉) OQ(802℃,1475℉) OQ(843℃,1550℉) False caburizing+OQ OQ+(774℃,1425℉) OQ+(802℃,1475℉) OQ+(843℃,1550℉) False caburizing+OQ	834 883 938 986 948 910 979 1020	634 696 758 786 648 717 786 848	14 15 16 14 15 15 16 14	262 269 285 302 269 277 293 311
5120H	5120H	H51200	0.17～0.23	0.15～0.35	0.60～1.00	0.035	0.040
5130	5130	G51300	0.28～0.33	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4 Φ25.4	OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	1613 1496 1276 1034 793	1417 1407 1207 938 690	10 10 12 15 20	475 440 379 305 245
5130H	5130H	H51300	0.27～0.33	0.15～0.35	0.60～1.10	0.035	0.040
5132	5132	G51320	0.30～0.35	0.15～0.35	0.60～0.80	0.035	0.040
5132H	5132H	H51320	0.29～0.35	0.15～0.35	0.50～0.90	0.035	0.040
5135	5135	G51350	0.33～0.38	0.15～0.35	0.60～0.80	0.035	0.040
5135H	5135H	H51350	0.32～0.38	0.15～0.35	0.50～0.90	0.035	0.040
5140	5140	G51400	0.38～0.43	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	Normalizing(871℃,1600℉) Annealing(829℃,1525℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	793 572 1793 1579 1310 1000 758	476 296 1641 1448 1172 862 662	23 29 9 10 13 17 25	229 167 490 450 365 280 235
5140H	5140H	H51400	0.37～0.44	0.15～0.35	0.60～1.00	0.035	0.040
5154	5154	G51540	0.43～0.48	0.15～0.30	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040
5154H	5154H	H51540	0.42～0.49	0.15～0.30	0.80～1.00	0.035	0.040
5147	5147	G51470	0.46～0.51	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.95	0.035	0.040
5147H	5147H	H51470	0.45～0.52	0.15～0.35	0.60～1.05	0.035	0.040
5150	5150	G51500	0.48～0.53	0.15～0.30	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	Normalizing(871℃,1600℉) Annealing(827℃,1520℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	869 676 1944 1738 1448 1124 807	531 359 1731 1586 1310 1034 745	21 22 5 6 9 15 20	255 197 525 475 410 340 270
5150H	5150H	H51500	0.47～0.54	0.15～0.35	0.80～1.00	0.035	0.040
5155	5155	G51550	0.51～0.59	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040
5155H	5155H	H51550	0.50～0.60	0.15～0.35	0.60～1.00	0.035	0.040
5160	5160	G51600	0.56～0.64	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	Normalizing(857℃,1575℉) Annealing(813℃,1495℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	958 724 2220 2000 1607 1165 896	531 276 1793 1772 1462 1041 800	18 17 4 9 10 12 20	269 197 627 555 461 341 269
5160H	5160H	H51600	0.55～0.65	0.15～0.35	0.65～1.10	0.035	0.040
51B60	51B60	G51601	0.56～0.64	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	- - 1634 1207 965	- - 1489 1103 867	- - 11 15 20	600 540 460 355 290
51B60H	51B60H	H51601	0.55～0.65	0.15～0.35	0.65～1.10	0.035	0.040
50100	E50100	G52986	0.98～1.10	0.15～0.35	0.25～0.45	0.025	0.025
51100H	E51100	G61986	0.98～1.10	0.15～0.35	0.25～0.45	0.025	0.025
52100	E52100	G62986	0.98～1.10	0.15～0.35	0.25～0.45	0.025	0.025
6118	6118	G61180	0.16～0.21	0.15～0.35	0.50～0.70	0.035	0.040
6118H	6118H	H61180	0.15～0.21	0.15～0.35	0.40～0.80	0.035	0.040
6120	6120	G61200	0.17～0.22	0.20～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.040	0.040	-	Φ25.4 Φ13.8	OQ(774℃,1425℉) OQ(802℃,1475℉) OQ(843℃,1550℉) False caburizing+OQ OQ(774℃,1425℉) OQ(802℃,1475℉) OQ(843℃,1550℉) False caburizing+OQ	841 903 993 1020 875 924 1034 1069	655 724 814 821 662 745 855 876	16 15 17 15 16 15 17 16	262 277 302 311 269 285 321 331
6150	6150	G61500	0.48～0.53	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4 Φ25.4	Normalizing(871℃,1600℉) Annealing(816℃,1500℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉)	938 669 1931	614 414 1689	22 23 8	269 197 538
6150	6150	G61500	0.48～0.53	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040	-	Φ14 Φ25 Φ25.4 Φ50 Φ75	OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(260℃,500℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(371℃,700℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(482℃,900℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(593℃,1100℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(482℃,900℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(593℃,1100℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉) OQ+T(704℃,1300℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉)	2055 2069 1951 1772 1586 1407 1255 1151 1572 1358 1179 1034 917 814 1172 1089	1813 1813 1724 1620 1489 1345 1207 1083 1448 1207 1034 876 758 662 1027 952	1 4 7 10 11 12 13 16 10 11 12 15 19 23 13 13	610 570 540 505 470 420 380 350 461 401 341 302 262 235 341 331
6150H	6150H	H61500	0.47～0.54	0.15～0.35	0.60～1.00	0.035	0.040
8115	8115	G81150	0.13～0.18	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4 Φ13.8	OQ+T(735℃,1355℉) OQ+T(749℃,1380℉) OQ+T(827℃,1520℉) False caburizing+OQ OQ(735℃,1355℉) OQ(749℃,1380℉) OQ(827℃,1520℉) False caburizing+OQ	490 655 662 717 503 676 772 834	221 276 345 386 228 296 421 579	32 22 26 25 33 19 18 17	149 197 201 223 143 201 235 235
81B45	81B45	G86451	0.43～0.48	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040
81B45H	81B45H	H86451	0.42～0.49	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
8615	8615	G86150	0.13～0.18	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040
8617	8617	G86170	0.15～0.20	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040
8617H	8617H	H86170	0.14～0.20	0.15～0.35	0.60～0.95	0.035	0.040
8620	8620	G86200	0.18～0.23	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4 Φ13.8 Φ25.4	Normalizing(913℃,1675℉) Annealing(871℃,1600℉) OQ(774℃,1425℉) OW(802℃,1475℉) OQ(843℃,1550℉) False caburizing+OQ OQ(774℃,1425℉) OQ(802℃,1475℉) OQ(843℃,1550℉) False caburizing+OQ OQ+T(649℃,1200℉) Caburizing(927℃,1700℉)directly OQ+T(450℃) OQ+T(232℃,450℉)() OQ+T(149℃,300℉)()	634 538 903 958 1048 1076 938 1041 1096 1110 669 1158 1248 1324	359 386 710 765 855 876 772 848 910 924 538 834 924 1034	26 31 15 16 17 14 15 16 17 15 27 14 13 13	183 149 277 293 321 321 285 321 331 331 190 61（HRC） 58（HRC） 63（HRC）
8620H	8620H	H86200	0.17～0.23	0.15～0.35	0.60～0.95	0.035	0.040
8622	8622	G86220	0.20～0.25	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040
8622H	8622H	H86220	0.19～0.25	0.15～0.35	0.60～0.95	0.035	0.040
8625	8625	G86250	0.23～0.28	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040
8625H	8625H	H86250	0.22～0.28	0.15～0.35	0.60～0.95	0.035	0.040
8627	8627	G86270	0.25～0.30	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040
8627H	8627H	H86270	0.24～0.30	0.15～0.35	0.60～0.95	0.035	0.040
86B30H		H86301	0.27～0.33	0.15～0.35	0.60～0.95	0.035	0.040
8630	8630	G86300	0.28～0.33	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	Normalizing(871℃,1600℉) Annealing(816℃,1500℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉) WQ+T(482℃,900℉) WQ+T(538℃,1000℉) WQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	648 565 1641 1482 1276 1034 772 1158 1034 793	427 372 1503 1393 1172 896 690 1034 888 690	24 29 9 10 13 17 23 16 17 23	187 156 465 430 375 310 240 340 304 245
8630H	8630H	H86300	0.27～0.33	0.15～0.35	0.60～0.95	0.035	0.040
8637	8637	G86370	0.35～0.40	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040
8637H	8637H	H86370	0.34～0.41	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
8640	8640	G86400	0.38～0.43	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4 Φ13.5 Φ25.4 Φ50 Φ75	Annealing OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(482℃,900℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(593℃,1100℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉)	683 1813 1586 1379 1172 869 1386 1248 1069 1020 869 310 862	400 1669 1434 1234 1048 758 1234 1117 945 910 765 772 710	24 8 9 11 14 21 10 13 17 16 20 18 19	183 555 461 415 341 269 415 388 331 302 269 293 277
8640H	8640H	H86400	0.37～0.44	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.010
8642	8642	G86420	0.40～0.45	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040
8642H	8642H	H86420	0.39～0.46	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
8645	8645	G86450	0.43～0.48	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040
8645H	8645H	H86450	0.42～0.49	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
86B45		G86451	0.43～0.48	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	1979 1696 1379 1103 903	1641 1551 1317 1034 876	9 9 11 15 19	525 475 395 335 280
86B45H	86B45H	H86451	0.42～0.49	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
8650	-	G86500	0.48～0.53	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	Normalizing(871℃,1600℉) Annealing(796℃,1465℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	1020 717 1937 1724 1448 1172 965	690 386 1675 1551 1324 1055 827	14 23 10 10 12 15 20	302 212 525 490 420 340 280
8650H	-	H86500	0.47～0.54	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
8655	8755	G86550	0.51～0.59	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040
8655H	8755H	H86550	0.50～0.60	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
8660	-	G86600	0.56～0.64	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4 Φ25.4	OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	- - 1634 1310 1069	- - 1551 1214 952	- - 13 17 20	580 535 460 370 315
8660H	-	H86600	0.56～0.65	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
8720	8720	G87200	0.18～0.23	0.15～0.35	0.70～0.90	0.035	0.040
8720H	8720H	H87200	0.17～0.23	0.15～0.35	0.60～0.95	0.035	0.040
8735	8835	G87350	0.33～0.38	0.20～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.040	0.040
8740	8740	G87400	0.38～0.43	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	Normalizing(899℃,1650℉) Annealing(843℃,1550℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	931 772 2000 1717 1434 1207 986	579 490 1655 1551 1358 1138 903	10 22 10 11 13 15 20	269 201 578 495 415 363 302
8740H	8740H	H87400	0.37～0.44	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
8742	8742	G87420	0.40～0.45	0.20～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040
8822	8822	H88220	0.20～0.25	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040
8822H	8822H	H88220	0.19～0.25	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
9254	9254	G92540	0.51～0.59	0.20～1.60	0.60～0.80	0.035	0.040
9255	9255	G92550	0.51～0.59	1.80～2.20	0.70～0.95	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	Normalizing(899℃,1650℉) Annealing(843℃,1550℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	931 772 2103 1937 1607 1255 993	579 490 2048 1793 1489 1103 814	20 22 1 4 8 15 20	269 229 601 578 477 352 285
9260	9260	G92600	0.56～0.64	1.80～2.20	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	- - 1758 1324 979	- - 1503 1110 814	8 12 20	600 540 470 390 295
9260H	9260H	H92600	0.55～0.65	1.70～2.20	0.65～1.10	0.035	0.040
9262	9262	G92620	0.55～0.65	1.80～2.20	0.75～1.00	0.040	0.040
9310	E9310	G93106	0.08～0.13	0.15～0.35	0.45～0.65	0.025	0.025	-	Φ25.4 Φ25.4 Φ13.8 Φ25.4	Normalizing(888℃,1630℉) Annealing(843℃,1550℉) OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) False caburizing+OQ OQ(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) False caburizing+OQ Caburizing(927℃,1700℉) OQ+T(232℃,450℉) OQ+T(232℃,450℉)() OQ+T(149℃,300℉)()	910 821 1000 1076 1179 1200 1069 1131 1200 1289 1158 1227 1241	572 441 814 917 1021 1034 896 965 1055 1117 952 1014 993	19 17 16 16 16 15 16 16 16 15 16 16 15	269 241 302 331 352 363 331 341 363 375 - - -
9310H	-	H93100	0.07～0.13	0.15～0.35	0.40～0.70	0.025	0.025
94B15	-	G94151	0.13～0.18	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040
94B15H	94B15H	H94151	0.12～0.18	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
94B17	94B17	G94171	0.15～0.20	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4 Φ13.8	OQ+T(766℃,1410℉) OQ+T(810℃,1490℉) OQ+T(866℃,1590℉) False caburizing+OQ OQ(766℃,1410℉) OQ+T(810℃,1490℉) OQ+T(866℃,1590℉) False caburizing+OQ	958 1048 1234 1303 938 1131 1255 1331	483 696 889 986 510 779 924 1000	14 14 15 15 13 13 14 15	293 321 363 388 285 341 375 388
94B17H	94B17H	H94171	0.14～0.20	0.15～0.35	0.70～1.05	0.035	0.040
94B30	94B30	G94301	0.28～0.33	0.15～0.35	0.75～1.00	0.035	0.040	-	Φ25.4	OQ+T(204℃,400℉) OQ+T(316℃,600℉) OQ+T(427℃,800℉) OQ+T(538℃,1000℉) OQ+T(649℃,1200℉)	1724 1600 1345 1000 827	1551 1420 1207 931 724	12 12 13 16 21	475 445 382 307 250

Note:

1. The prefix "G" means carbon steel and alloy steel, and "H" means steel with hardenability requirements.

2. a≤0.10%, b＝0.10%～0.20%, c＝0.15%～0.30%, d＝0.20%～0.40%, e＝0.30%～0.60%

3. AISI grades with the prefix E are electric furnace steels.

4. The chemical composition of H steel with hardenability requirements is basically taken from ASTM A304, and the chemical composition of carbon steel and alloy steel with prefix G is basically taken from ASTM A29. The chemical composition specified in A29. The chemical composition specified in A29 is used for the following technical conditions:

Hot rolled alloy steel: ASTM A322-2007, A434-2006, A739-2006

Cold finished alloy steel: A331-2000, A434-2006, A696-2006

5. The chemical composition is only applicable to structural profiles, plates, strips and welded pipes.

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